new rules

 

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Part 1: The mistakes that lead
                   to sad caricatures of Leninism

Chris Brooks 1

The "Don’ts"

 

1] Part two of this discussion article will appear in the October-November
Socialist Democracy.

 

 

Socialist Democracy hears them whereever we go. You may not know it, but even stick-in-the-mud Trotskyists are starting to spell out new rules that the left has to follow if it’s serious about getting a anti-capitalist party on the road.

Don’t use people, or use them up

Lots of socialist organisations put their emphasis on getting people to build that organisation, so much so they sometimes forget that people have to balance their organisation’s politics with the rest of their lives. "The more you do" these comrades say, "the more you can do."

Organisations should not force people to choose between supporting their organisation, building their own political and personal life and sustaining themselves as activists for the long run.

Too many people have come with enthusiasm into organisations only to find that they are encouraged, or manipulated, into sacrifices that are unsustainable in the medium term. The set-up of many organisations encourages members set themselves the goals of the working class as a whole. Often, organisations take on too much work or address themselves to tasks that are not just ambitious – they are impossible for that group to accomplish. When comrades later run short on time, money, energy or life choices, such comrades often feel they have to step back out of activity – and often out of the left.

The alternative? Aim for the best result we can get with the resources we actually have. Organisations have to start live within their means, in the short-term at least. We have to stop imagining that the tasks a group takes on have nothing to do with its size, resources and social weight. Instead we need to spell out what we can do, and what we must learn, so that we can really make the contributions that we can realistically do well – perhaps even identifying the particular contributions that only we are well placed to do.

The new rules for revolutionaries

 

Don’t use people, or use them up

Don’t use ‘the apparatus’ as the key index of success

Don’t think you already know what you need to know

Don’t think about off-the-shelf solutions

Don’t fear risks

building New Left organisations Don’t use ‘the apparatus’ as the key index of success

Membership, office space and print-runs are a pretty misleading guide to an organisation’s health – and to its strategic chances. To take few of the many examples on the British far left, Workers’ Liberty might be – only just – bigger than Socialist Outlook or Workers’ Power. However its apparatus is more substantial than that of the other two organisations put together: more professional organisers, bigger printing press and print runs, a monthly magazine, a ostensibly non-party newspaper, a youth paper and a whelp of polemical pamphlets. Rather like the SWP, when it bought its first big printing press for its old Cotton Gardens office, the number of projects seems limited only by the capacity of the press.

In fact, small organisations are deformed when they build an over-large apparatus. Members have to super-exploit their own resources to support the apparatus and their publications. Fundamental political revisions are developed within the apparatus and published -- as fait accompli – for the members to contest through structures that apparatchniks themselves never had to win. In effect, a member has no control over a big apparatus unless they join it. Sadly, this deformation is not even the main danger of a over-large apparatus.

This approach to building an organisation encourages them to measure their progress numerically. That’s the big danger. It’s much more important – and more challenging – to gauge how well you are looked upon by the people who work with in the movement, how committed and realistic members are, and how far they are making a real contribution to the wider movement. These questions are most vital warning signs for socialist organisations, which, by their nature, are currently minority organisations prone to semi-sectarian and factional decline even if their apparatus expands.

Don’t think you already know what you need to know

This is the big point of difference between Socialist Democracy and much of Trotskyism in the Anglo-Saxon world – if not Trotskyism elsewhere. The global political situation and forms of production seem to be going through a period of substantial discontinuous change. It’s not just that the post-Cold War world has been different. We are in a post-post-Cold War with a international capitalist structure that has significantly evolved and strengthened its productive processes.

In today’s globalised manufacturing organisation, dozens of companies form supply chains. Capitalists plan that every stage in the process may be conducted by more than one company. This means that trades unionists are starting to face chaotic and lean mechanisms of exploitation that are qualitatively harder to break. Without international and cross-sectional solidarity -- of the type the labour movement still has, largely, to build -- it is an immense struggle.

It also means that capitalism increasingly finding other ways to increase profits and weaken opposition. More and more it is not trades unionists in the imperialist centres whom pay the price for capitalism. It is the oppressed and the poor. It is the environment. It is the social and democratic rights that have been won through mass struggle.

That emerging chaotic productive process has significant political and ideological changes. The global rule of business law becomes more necessary – and the US aims for Nato to be the way to do it. Anti-capitalist arguments and movements have become more fragmented and less convincing to many. Capitalist ideology is getting poorer: there is a real obscurantist, anti-enlightenment and introspective-linguistic decay in political and critical theory.

The traditional socialist response is to encourage struggle, build solidarity when it occurs and win people to socialism in the heat of the movement. The Anglo-Saxon left largely concentrates on the ideological, political and economic implications of the union struggle. Yet today’s anti-capitalist struggle increasingly fights for social inclusion – against oppression, environmental destruction, poverty, anti-welfare and anti-democratic attacks. The far left faces a gap of skills, competencies and experiences: our contribution is less valuable there than it is in the trade union and student unions. It’s a huge credibility gap.

The solution: spot what we don’t know and, with modesty, see if we can pick it up. It’s not just that the left has to a lot to learn from Reclaim the Streets or the anti-deportation campaigns. Here’s a more marginal example: Socialist Democracy is, by part of the British left, called "Parksist, not Marxist". That’s because we’ve shown a bit of interest in the campaigns against building on public land, like school playing fields, allotment gardens and parks. For the record, the "Land Question" is not the top issue today. However we know these movements are often significant working class mobilisations.

We think there are skills and movements that the left will need to work with in the future. Right now, the left does not have the skills, knowledge and trust to do so. So we think the left needs to identify and develop short, medium and long-term strategies for learning the skills and making the alliances we will need.

 

In our next issue:

 

The "Do’s"

 

Do set ambitious goals

 

Do look abroad

 

Do get people from different left traditions to galvanise themselves together

 

Do find ways to compromise and balance dilemmas

 

Do become a moving target

 

Don’t think about off-the-shelf solutions

There is a big temptation to copy that has been tried elsewhere: in other times, other countries or (usually) both. Often, in fact, they did not work well where they were first tried. However, capitalism has rather different national forms, and is currently in a period of rapid change. Taking solutions from the historic cookbook -- a bit of 1950s SLL here, some 1970s Lutte Ouvrière there and a splash of 1980s IMG on the top – is often as effective as using old medicine to cure a new ailment.

Of course, we are more than happy to steal a good idea when we hear it: there’s no party pride in this magazine! However we think distinctly local solutions and novel tactics are usually the best. Instead, much of the left appeals to past tactics, as if these were principled orthodoxy or sure-fire solutions. Such an attitude has led to the ‘cloning’ of organisations – look at the embarrassing mini-SWP and mini-Militant organisations around the globe. It means that the weaknesses of the off the shelf solution are copied. Often many of the strengths of the earlier example are weakened or lost in a new setting.

It also has a political weakness. Between us, the truth about the marxist movement is this: tactics were never our strongest point. At its best, the marxist movement learnt tactics from the mass movement. The mass movement was often, at key moments, ahead of the marxist movement. Marxism’s key strength is that it is a framework for the analysis of dynamic relations from an anti-capitalism and revolutionary viewpoint. It help identify the broad trends in the development of capitalism and human life, and the key fronts on which the capitalist class will take the offensive next.

Much of the left, however, defines itself by tactics. Left groups attack each other over tactical choices yet hardly ever raise the key ideological and global viewpoints that working people and their allies need to see the way the world is moving. That means that the far left had – with some honourable exceptions – nothing to say about the ‘New Times’ debate apart from carping over what Gramsci really wrote. The left had little to day about what the US attack on Iraq and Serbia had to do with a strategy to force Russia, China, Ukraine and the countries of the Arab East out of the ‘global community’ and into a new cold war alliance.

We want to encourage the other view. Socialists should be very open about the tactics followed by their comrades – sometimes even neutral. On the principle political questions, however, we need more effort.

Don’t fear risks

The simplest point to make.

Socialists have learnt caution through defeats. That’s wise. But too many organisations have no prejudice in favour of innovation. They build up a culture in which invention and experimentation is discouraged. Instead, one must wait for a sign from on high. Risks must be taken. For most of the left, the worst thing that can happen is that we stay as small as we are through conservatism.