Magazine
for Hypnosis and Hypnotherapy
The Transformational Nature of Hypnotherapy by Randal Churchill, CHT An excerpt from his book 'BECOME THE DREAM...' The Subconscious is the Key To get
powerful, lasting and fairly rapid results in therapy, it is essential
that the methods employed reach and affect the subconscious mind. The subconscious
houses the emotions, imagination, memory, habits, intuition, and is the
pathway to the superconscious. It also regulates our autonomic body functions.
It is the very core or essence of how we experience ourselves and the world.
Through hypnosis, we have access to the subconscious. In fact, during waking states, the only way to reach and change major set beliefs and emotional responses of the subconscious mind is during experiences that are hypnotic. Hypnosis is an altered state beyond ordinary consciousness but a natural state that can occur spontaneously. In addition, there are many ways hypnosis can be induced and deepened. Once in hypnosis during therapy, there is a vast range of therapeutic possibilities to harness and transform the subconscious. Hypnotherapists are taught to use a variety of methods to bring a person into a state of hypnosis, deepen and lighten the state, direct various processes and return the subject back to normal awareness. Eclectic training in the uses of hypnotherapy
can substantially enhance the skills of any health, counseling or teaching
professional. Examples include psychologists, physicians, dentists, chiropractors,
social workers, marriage counselors, physical therapists, optometrists,
ministerial
Hypnosis, while often unrecognized
as such, weaves a common thread through the healing arts and sciences.
Effective therapists often use hypnotic methods whether they use or understand
that semantic or not. As
Within the field of hypnotherapy, there
are a great variety of ways to harness the power of the subconscious mind
to affect change. Hypnosis is used in areas such as chronic and acute pain
control, to change the pain threshold or affect the psychological associations
of pain. It can be
Hypnotic Phenomena Within a therapeutic setting, hypnosis is often induced through various methods of relaxation. As a result of this process the critical factor of the conscious mind is bypassed, giving the hypnotherapist and subject direct access to the deeper mind, the subconscious, which has been called "the other 90% of the mind." Generally, the most well known characteristic of hypnosis is increased suggestibility. Though there are varying degrees of this heightened responsiveness to suggestion, the potential power of this direct access to the subconscious should not be underestimated. For example, I worked with a man named
Gino who had been a three- pack a day smoker for over 20 years. He had
never been able to quit for even a day since his early years as a smoker.
After his first hypnosis session, he called his wife from work later that
day. "I can't believe how easy it is. It's like I never smoked," he exclaimed.
"I can remember smoking, of course, but there's no desire at all!" While
I cautioned him during our follow-up session not to be overconfident, he
continued to do
I remember Gino vividly because after referring many of his friends and acquaintances to me for hypnotherapy, he came back a few years later to take my training to become a hypnotherapist. He introduced himself to the class with a twinkle in his eye, saying, "Randal helped me quit smoking, but I've never been hypnotized." In spite of his results, he had a hard time accepting that he had entered hypnosis, even though he knew he must have, because his hypnotic experiences were so subtle to him. Initial doubts about the hypnotic state are not unusual, and more about the subjective experience of hypnosis will be discussed later in this chapter. What was unusual was the immediate ease of his results, although such a response is not rare in the practice of an attentive, skilled hypnotherapist. While varying degrees of initial struggle
are the norm for addiction or habit cessation through hypnosis sessions,
my experience has been that more than ten percent of such clients will
achieve the desired results and more, with astonishing ease from the beginning.
It is not rare for a skilled
As important as increased suggestibility
can be, it is only one of many kinds of value that can result from access
to the subconscious. Concentration typically increases dramatically during
hypnosis. There are many benefits from this. For example, many indigenous
cultures have kept oral records for centuries or millennia. Successive
generations of historians would enter hypnotic trances and recite detailed,
prolonged ancestral records. A famous example involves Alex Haley's attempt
to find
Within the context of therapy, heightened
hypnotic concentration has value as an inherent aspect of trance and is
a partial explanation of the effectiveness of hypnotic suggestion. In addition,
specific issues such as improved study habits and various achievement goals
ranging from public speaking to improved sports performance, are addressed
directly by this hypnotic phenomenon. The subject can actually re-enter
a state of self-hypnosis later while studying or performing, to gain further
value from
While sometimes directly associated
with concentration (as in some of the above examples), heightened recall
during hypnosis has many functions. Revivification of significant events,
whether or not they were previously repressed, can be combined with many
therapeutic modalities. Also, many
A person can be taught to re-enter hypnosis to access stored memories while taking examinations or, in certain situations, to improve job effectiveness. Therefore, persons developing memory recall skills are supported by the value of increased suggestibility during the initial hypnosis sessions, as well as by the later heightened concentration and recall natural to the state of self-hypnosis. (Other values of hypnosis will also apply to improved recall, such as various uses of therapy for test anxiety.) The pain threshold changes dramatically
during hypnosis or self-hypnosis. Hypnosis can provide great relief for
chronic pain sufferers referred by their physicians for such complaints
as back pain, arthritis, headaches or recovery from injury. As with any
issue, the good hypnotherapist will work
In deeper levels of hypnosis major
surgery can, in many cases, be painlessly performed with no other anesthetic
agent. In addition, physiological functions normally controlled by the
subconscious can be
Increased access to the emotions during
hypnosis has many uses. Often hypnotized persons later report having experienced
feelings of bliss, joy or euphoria, sometimes spontaneously and other times
as a response to post-hypnotic suggestions or therapeutic methods. Such
feelings can be very meaningful and have substantial therapeutic value.
When a person has been struggling with feelings such as fear, grief or
anger, there are various therapeutic methods during hypnosis to help him
or her access those feelings when appropriate and express, release or transform
them.
Facts and Fallacies Misconceptions about hypnosis are still
fairly prevalent but gradually diminishing with time. The fear of loss
of control is a result, in part, of stage hypnosis demonstrations. Volunteers
may seem to be "under the spell" of the stage hypnotist. Some develop the
notion that the participants will do whatever the hypnotist suggests. Actually,
some operators have been known to survey the audience and express disappointment
if, say, five volunteers are needed and there are only 60 people in the
Stage hypnosis is a chance for a person
with some extrovert tendencies to perform, have fun, and be a star. It
is no coincidence that the longest running series of stage hypnosis shows
in history, with Pat Collins, was in Hollywood. A large percentage of volunteers
for her shows were striving to become actors and actresses. Volunteers
of any stage show know they will be expected to do silly things in front
of an audience, and find that appealing. The ones who show timid or self-conscious
responses are asked early on to go back to the audience. The participants
who are receptive to hypnosis will have, to some extent, a loss of inhibition.
However, the volunteer would not do anything against his or her moral beliefs.
For example, if handed an imaginary glass of champagne, a non-drinker will
refuse to pretend to drink. Also, some otherwise responsive persons will
back off to a specific suggestion (e.g., to sing) because of a lack of
self-confidence in that area. Even during stage
During a hypnotherapy session you know you may be open to suggestion. Rather than losing control, a comprehensive series of sessions can help a person to gain control. If during the initial consultation I am not convinced of my new client's firm commitment toward a proclaimed goal, I will not continue with the person. In spite of the increased suggestibility inherent with hypnosis, genuine motivation is necessary for a person to achieve meaningful results in therapy. Clients become more motivated toward their goals if significant underlying resistance issues get properly addressed and there is some degree of rapport with the therapist. Many persons who have not previously
experienced a formal hypnotic induction expect the experience of the state
of hypnosis to be far different, and often more extreme, than what it is.
Even after attempts prior to the induction to alleviate such misconceptions,
a classic response after a first
Rather than losing consciousness during
hypnosis, there is typically heightened consciousness. Awareness is much
greater than normal, which is related to the increased focus previously
described. When somnambulism (a deep state of hypnosis) is reached, however,
the shift back to normal consciousness is so great that the memory of the
experience may stay buried in the subconscious after the person comes out
of hypnosis. This can be similar to the experience of someone who has been
asleep and dreaming, and upon awakening remembers the dream at first, only
to be unable to recall it a few minutes later. The memory of the dream
or of the hypnotic experience is still there in
Hypnosis is a natural state of mind
that is entered spontaneously every day. Examples include states of narrow
focus, such as you might experience when watching television or absorbed
in a good book. Highway hypnosis can occur when driving on the freeway
and suddenly realizing you have no conscious memory of the past several
miles traveled. A form of hypnosis, the hypnogogic state, is entered just
prior to falling asleep, and the heightened suggestibility of the hypnopompic
state occurs when first waking up. Even daydreaming is considered by many
experts to be a form of light hypnosis, or a borderline (hypnoidal) state.
The conscious mind begins to recede and the subconscious mind comes to
the foreground, giving you greater access to the imagination, memories
Beginning around the age of five, the
overwhelming majority of the population is hypnotizable in the formal sense.
Exceptions include some psychotic individuals who don't have the necessary
trust to be
During most of our daily lives we are in touch with our conscious minds, while subconscious activities below the surface regulate physical functions such as the autonomic nervous system and circulatory system. The subconscious can leap into action during emergencies, but it is in part that portion of the mind that is on "automatic pilot" while we are awake or asleep. People who enter hypnosis deliberately
in session or during self-hypnosis know they are suggestible. The most
common danger with hypnosis lies primarily outside of the therapeutic context,
in situations in which people are not aware that they are in suggestible
states. For example, we can be influenced by an authority figure, such
as a doctor or other professional, or a political or parental figure. When
a person is unduly influenced by an authority, a spontaneous hypnosis can
develop and the person may
To give another example, double-blind suggestibility studies have documented that most persons will respond well to placebos, even when used in place of morphine for severe pain. That gives us a glimpse at the enormous power of the subconscious mind. A person who deliberately uses hypnotic states to control his or her subconscious mind can create extreme physiological changes and other exceptional achievements without needing to project power onto a pill or an authority figure. Additionally, our consumer culture
bombards us with various forms of advertising that can have a hypnotic
affect. Advertisers may even pay a premium for broadcasting late at night
or early in the morning when people are more likely to be highly suggestible.
Learning about hypnosis and
There are many therapy or healing practices that include forms of hypnosis. Biofeedback techniques, for instance, are used in conjunction with hypnosis. Jose Silva, in developing Silva Mind Control methods, borrowed liberally from Dave Elman's hypnotic inductions. Christian Scientists use hypnotic methods for pain control. Guided imagery, guided fantasy, visualization, selective awareness, autogenic training, progressive relaxation and relaxology are examples of hypnotic methods. Sometimes the practitioner, teacher,
nurse, psychotherapist, etc., who uses such methods will not associate
the methods with hypnosis. If these methods are recognized as hypnotic
and that is communicated to the client, time needs to be taken to alleviate
possible misconceptions. Any
The various forms of meditation (Zen,
Vipassana, TM, etc.) are also forms of hypnosis. A group at U.C.L.A. in
1969 set out to prove that their particular form of meditation was different
from hypnosis. Their study compared the meditation experience of persons
who had been practicing
The therapeutic value of hypnosis is
gradually becoming much more widely recognized. As the myths and misconceptions
are exposed and word continues to spread about the values of hypnosis,
growing acceptance and interest has increased in academic and scientific
communities as well. Many doctors and other professionals are being trained
themselves or referring patients to hypnotherapists for work in conjunction
with conventional treatments. While there is still residual misunderstanding
in some people's minds, the misconceptions of many have lessened over the
years.
The Experience of Hypnosis Following a preliminary discussion and alleviation of any misconceptions, three things are needed for hypnosis in a therapeutic setting: concentration, imagination, and a motivation to be hypnotized. Hetero-hypnosis, in which a therapist works with an individual or a group, is in a sense self-hypnosis because each individual goes into hypnosis by choice. If a person doesn't feel rapport with the operator or doesn't desire to, that person will resist entering hypnosis. The more you practice hypnosis the
deeper you tend to go, but it isn't necessary to reach deep levels to be
therapeutic. Excellent esults in therapy can be achieved in light and medium
states. Practicing
There are many levels of hypnosis and various subjective states can be experienced at any particular depth. During lighter levels of hypnosis feelings of relaxation and passivity are commonly experienced. Additionally, there may be slightly altered perceptions or physical changes such as eye fluttering or a tingling sensation in the extremities or a light or heavy sensation in some part of the body. Persons who don't get much of a response at first will continue to learn and develop significant skills within a few weeks of practice. In the beginning it is common to underestimate the length of time in hypnosis. When asked after an initial hypnosis, many will guess the time as shorter than it actually was. A person who has had a few more hypnotic experiences will usually have a better estimate of time. The flip side to the occurrence of
an initial subjective distortion of time is that the subconscious mind
has a kind of built-in clock. When you enter self-hypnosis or when you
go to bed at night, your subconscious mind can be trained to bring you
back or wake you up at a particular time. One
In medium depths of hypnosis, the altered state becomes more enhanced. There may be more pronounced physical sensations of heaviness or lightness, or a floating or sinking feeling in part or all of the body. A loss of conscious awareness may occur, or a major change of pain threshold, such as with the experience of "glove anesthesia" in the area of the hands. Various illusions may be perceived through any of the senses. Ability to visualize or imagine suggestions tends to increase with depth. Somnambulistic levels of hypnosis create more extreme physical and mental responses, such as loss of awareness of most or all of the body. Physiologic responses may include the same kind of rapid eye movements that are associated with dream stages of sleep. Exceptional suggestibility often includes a profound literalness in response to suggestions. Some will have the ability to produce hallucinations, even with the eyes open or post-hypnotically. Complete conscious amnesia may occur. Hypnosis is a far different state than
sleep, but it has been called a sleep of the nervous system. Respiration
and circulation slow down, but not as much as during normal sleep states.
The brain waves also slow down, though not as slow as the brain waves of
delta that are reached during the
Remember, however, that hypnotic skills develop with practice, so the rules of the above paragraph can be broken under truly extraordinary conditions. An Indian Swami who had been meditating several hours a day for many years was documented on film as having gone into delta brain waves while sitting, his eyes half open. (As a general rule, unless you're focusing on a major trauma issue, the deeper you go into hypnosis the more pleasant the state is, until at deeper levels it can be quite euphoric. This Swami was certainly in a state of bliss.) There is a rare state of hypnosis far
deeper than somnambulism called the plenary trance, that could be likened
to almost being a state of suspended animation. The British physician,
James Esdaile, produced this state in some surgical patients in India in
the 1840's, using a few hours of mesmeric passes as the induction. The
patient was kept in the plenary trance sometimes for 24 hours, since this
was before chemo-anesthesia had been accepted and hypnosis was the only
anesthetic agent. But
In the 1890's a Swedish physician named
Wetterstrand reported keeping some patients in the plenary trance for over
a week for healing purposes. Leslie LeCron produced this state in more
recent times, recording a pulse of 50 beats per minute and a barely discernible
breathing rate of only
This chapter is designed to be a brief
introduction to the value of hypnosis and hypnotherapy and cannot be a
comprehensive description of the many phenomena and uses of hypnosis. This
overview and the following three examples are a sampling, to explain some
of the special qualities of hypnosis, which prepares us to better understand
the tremendous potential of Hypnotic DreamworkTM.
Karen's Story When I first met Karen she was experiencing
a recurrence of symptoms of multiple sclerosis. She had been diagnosed
ten years earlier, in 1977. At the time of diagnosis she was blind in one
eye and had partial sight in the other. She was informed that within six
months she would be a vegetable. Her doctors advised her to go home and
get her affairs in order. Karen, who had been raised as a devout Catholic,
was in the middle of difficult divorce proceedings. She was particularly
worried about her three young children, and prayed that she be allowed
to live long enough to see them
Ten years later Karen's husband, a
student in one of my hypnotherapy classes, asked if he could bring Karen
in as the subject in a class demonstration. Her symptoms of MS were recurring
and had advanced, in some ways, even further than before. Her vision and
coordination were seriously deteriorating, she was losing dexterity in
her hands, and she was about to give up. During our interview she told
me that the youngest of her children would be graduating from school in
a few months. When I asked if she had been having any other major changes
or stress in her life, she said that she and her husband, Kenn, had had
to close their business. All three of her children were still at home,
she was working more than full time as a bookkeeper, and though she would
like some time
After doing a hypnotic induction we
set up ideomotor signals, which is a way of bypassing the conscious mind
to communicate directly with the subconscious. Different fingers on one
hand can be chosen to rise if the answer to a question is "yes" or "no."
Alternative fingers can be used for a
The session became very long and complex,
with conflicting ideomotor signals and subconscious confusion. As the process
continued I used Gestalt dialogue between Karen and God to try to break
through her guilt and subconscious resistance to getting well again, as
well as her resentment of God.
After giving Karen some explanation
about the sometimes deductive way the subconscious mind works, and that
it isn't always rational, I had her do some hypno-analysis to figure out
if there was some kind of misconception she had developed as a result of
those traumatic experiences. She was
Karen began to experience major improvement within the first week, and in the two subsequent sessions I continued to encourage and support Karen on the ways she was now taking better care of herself and the progress she was making. Within six weeks she was free of symptoms, having improved much more rapidly this time. A subsequent Cat Scan years later showed no evidence of M.S. Our sessions were ten years ago and she continues to be healthy today. This story is a dramatic example of the potential of a variety of creative techniques with hypnosis to affect the subconscious mind. Gestalt dialogue, such as that used with Karen, is employed in almost all of the transcripts of this book, and brief ideomotor methods appear in some cases. Kenn's Story Kenn, Karen's husband from the previous story, used his experiences in the hypnotherapy classes and his self-hypnosis to make tremendous changes in many areas of his life during the year he was getting his training. He came back to see me in 1991 because
of a serious injury that caused an anterior curve in the cervical arch
of the neck, and had been treated with surgery a year earlier. Instead
of getting better, the condition immediately deteriorated further after
the surgery. He was so weak that he could not carry a quart of milk one
block. He was currently working with a talented hypnotherapist in his town,
Charlie Simon, a graduate that I had recommended. One of the effective
strategies was to visualize removing the cervical vertebrae area and replace
it with stacked tinker toys on wheels that would cause the neck to bend
properly. They had made significant progress, but Kenn needed further improvement.
Kenn's belief was that he had been
damaged by the first surgery. But he also wondered whether his sense of
deep shame was hindering his body's ability to heal more fully. In his
words, "Before I started (hypnotherapy) in 1986 I was a compulsive gambler,
excessive drinker, and a three pack a
Before doing a hypnotic induction I checked with Kenn about whether or not he could move his fingers to do ideomotor signals, and he showed me the two fingers on his left hand that he could move slightly. Before the hypnotherapy work with Charlie he had been unable to move those fingers at all. He had also been able to get off drugs he had been taking for pain and was no longer chronically constipated, so he had already made dramatic progress in the six weeks since he had started sessions. After an induction I used the affect bridge (which is also used for Tom's regression in Chapter 19), a technique that taps a person into a particular emotion and then moves rapidly to an earlier memory which is associated with a similar feeling. Kenn recalled being in his bedroom at three years of age and feeling very ashamed. He was being scolded by his mother for wetting the bed. She told him he was a very naughty boy. It was something that had happened many times. He continued to sporadically wet the bed until he was thirteen. It was very embarrassing and he was consequently very shy and self-conscious. After going to other scenes where young
Kenn had been scolded and felt ashamed, I brought adult Kenn back to the
earlier scene with his mother and had them engage in Gestalt dialogue.
I then asked young Kenny how he felt listening to adult Kenn and had them
dialogue. Adult Kenn assured
Following the session Kenn continued hypnotherapy and refocused on physical therapy and feeling better about himself. Meanwhile he got a second opinion that confirmed the first. He recognized gradual improvement, and the following month he went to his original surgeon who, with considerable surprise, now said, "Because of your vast improvement I can't justify surgery at this time." Kenn continued to improve dramatically. Early childhood is a time when we are
particularly open and vulnerable to suggestion. Early experiences may teach
us that we're not good enough, that the world is a hostile place, that
we can't trust people, or that we're likely to get hurt in some way. Very
often when we want to make
As the story with Kenn illustrates,
when doing hypnotherapy we are sometimes in part doing de-hypnosis. We
are helping that person to let go of negative suggestions or misconceptions
that were taken in, often at a young age, and continued to affect his or
her experiences. We help that
Frank's Story When Frank came back from Vietnam he
attempted to go to college but dropped out. Initially he made attempts
to find work but didn't stick with it. He remained unemployed and lived
with his parents. He was addicted to drugs, alcohol and cigarettes. He
was overweight, depressed, and had
It had been ten years since his return
from Vietnam when I met Frank. We started by looking for ways for him to
be successful and then taking one step at a time. J.D. Hadfield said, "Suggestion
does not consist in making an individual believe what is not true. Suggestion
consists in making
After making dramatic progress in these
areas, we worked on building up Frank's confidence to get ready to look
for work. His dream was to do delivery work. He felt he would really enjoy
being out and driving a truck. He got a delivery job through an employment
agency and was very satisfied. He worked hard and diligently, but three
months later he was told that although he was doing a fine job, he was
being laid off. Frank was angry and felt there was a deal going on between
his employer and
Over time we periodically worked on various things, including relationship issues. An early example of his progress in this area is when the issue had developed from not having dates, to feelings of guilt because he did not want to continue to see a woman who was interested in him. He eventually developed a long term relationship. We have had a total of about 30 sessions over the years. Currently, like everyone, Frank has his ups and downs. But he is functioning far better than he was when I first met him. Many causes that bring people to seek hypnotherapy do not involve the kinds of life-changing issues of Karen, Kenn and Frank. But even hypnosis for common issues can lead to major benefits, such as sessions for smoking cessation, which may help significantly lengthen a person's life span. I view the hypnotic state with reverence and consider the role of a hypnotherapist as an honor. I am aware of no greater satisfaction than the service of helping to satisfy a client in making major, lasting changes. Excerpted from the book, BECOME THE DREAM: The Transforming Power of Hypnotic Dreamwork. Copyright © 1997 to the author. All rights reserved. Reprinted with kind permission. "...
Randal Churchill, CHT is known as 'The Teacher of the Teachers,'
having trained many of the state-approved hypnotherapy instructors in the
United States. He is founder, director and instructor of the Hypnotherapy
Training Institute in Corte Madera, near San Francisco, California. One
of the oldest and largest licensed hypnotherapy schools, HTI has accelerated
concentrated programs as well as semester classes and has drawn more than
two thousand students from around the world.
Hypnotherapy Training Institute, 4730 Alta Vista
Ave., Santa Rosa, CA 95404.
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