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The Impact of Tourism III: Majorca
Majorca was once a quiet green island. Nothing much happened here
except farming. It was one of the poorest parts of Europe. Then
about forty years ago it became a centre for tourism. This video
shows the effects of tourism on the Spanish island of Majorca
— its environment, economy and culture. In the 1960s miles
of Majorcan coastline were concreted over, as the authorities
on the island sought to profit from the rapidly growing package
holiday market. Now the builders have moved inland, building second
homes. Property prices have increased by up to 30% — bad
news for the young locals who can't afford to marry and set up
home.
Environmental Impact
The visitors are taking their toll on Majorca's environment. Beaches
are being damaged as every day huge quantities of sand are accidentally
taken back to hotels on people's feet. The boom has brought traffic
jams and pollution, too. Too many holiday-makers means too much
rubbish and a critical lack of water.
Effect on Traditional Economy
Tourism now accounts for 85% of the island's income. From being
one of the poorest areas in Spain, now it's among the most affluent.
But tourism has all but destroyed farming, once the island's main
source of income. People have abandoned the land and turned to
tourism, where jobs are easier and more plentiful.
The Local Inhabitants
The decline in agriculture is causing a decline in the traditional
Majorcan culture it supported, too. By long tradition Majorcans
have been friendly to foreigners — but recently there's been
a change of mood. In particular, there's a growing hostility against
foreigners buying second homes.
"Sustainable Tourism"?
The island authorities are acting to control mass tourism. They've
demolished old hotels. They're considering an "eco-tax"
on tourism and they're promoting off-peak holidays to take the
pressure off the busy summer months. Much hope is put on alternative
forms of tourism, less damaging to the environment - "sustainable
tourism". An example of this is "agrotourism"-
farms where people get their income from farming and from putting
up tourists. But many on the island disagree with the authorities'
approach. Only time will tell if "sustainable tourism"
will be achieved.